Blackheads are a common skincare concern that can be both frustrating and persistent. They’re small, dark lesions that appear on the skin, often on the face, neck, back, chest, and arms. While not as inflamed as pimples, blackheads can still be a source of discomfort and insecurity. Understanding what causes them and how to treat and prevent them is key to maintaining clear skin.
Understanding Blackheads: What Are They?
Before diving into the causes, it’s essential to understand what blackheads are. Blackheads, also known as open comedones, are a type of acne lesion. They form when a hair follicle becomes clogged with dead skin cells, sebum (the oil your skin produces), and bacteria. Unlike whiteheads, which are closed comedones, blackheads have an open surface, which allows the debris inside to oxidize and turn black or dark brown, hence the name “blackhead.”
What Keeps Giving You Blackheads?
Several factors contribute to the formation of blackheads. By understanding these factors, you can take targeted steps to prevent and treat them effectively.
1. Excess Sebum Production
One of the primary causes of blackheads is the overproduction of sebum. Sebum is a natural oil that keeps your skin lubricated. However, when your skin produces too much sebum, it can mix with dead skin cells and clog your pores, leading to blackheads.
Why It Happens:
- Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or when starting or stopping birth control pills, can trigger excess sebum production.
- Genetics also play a role; if your parents had oily skin or acne, you might be more prone to it as well.
- Certain medications and stress levels can increase sebum production.
Product Recommendation:
- La Roche-Posay Effaclar Purifying Foaming Gel: This gentle cleanser helps regulate sebum production without stripping the skin of its natural moisture. It’s suitable for oily and acne-prone skin. Buy here.
2. Inadequate Cleansing Routine
An inconsistent or improper cleansing routine is another significant contributor to blackheads. If you’re not cleansing your skin adequately, dirt, makeup, and excess oil can build up, leading to clogged pores and, eventually, blackheads.
Why It Happens:
- Skipping your nightly cleanse can allow dirt and oil to accumulate on your skin overnight, leading to blackheads.
- Using the wrong cleanser for your skin type can either strip your skin of necessary oils or leave it too oily, both of which can cause blackheads.
- Over-cleansing can irritate your skin and lead to increased oil production, exacerbating the problem.
Product Recommendation:
- CeraVe Foaming Facial Cleanser: This cleanser is perfect for normal to oily skin types. It removes dirt, oil, and makeup effectively while maintaining the skin’s natural barrier. Buy here.
3. Over-Exfoliation or Under-Exfoliation
Exfoliation is key to keeping your pores clear, but it’s a delicate balance. Both over-exfoliating and under-exfoliating can contribute to blackhead formation.
Why It Happens:
- Over-exfoliation can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to irritation and an increase in oil production, which can clog pores.
- Under-exfoliation allows dead skin cells to build up on the surface of the skin, leading to clogged pores and blackheads.
Product Recommendation:
- Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant: This leave-on exfoliant contains salicylic acid, which gently exfoliates the skin and clears out pores, reducing blackheads without irritation. Buy here.
4. Using Comedogenic Products
Comedogenic ingredients are those that can clog your pores, leading to blackheads and other forms of acne. It’s essential to choose non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products, especially if you’re prone to blackheads.
Why It Happens:
- Heavy, oil-based products, particularly those containing ingredients like cocoa butter, coconut oil, or lanolin, can clog pores.
- Some makeup products, especially foundation and primers, can be comedogenic and contribute to blackheads if not properly removed.
Product Recommendation:
- Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel: This oil-free, non-comedogenic moisturizer provides hydration without clogging pores, making it ideal for blackhead-prone skin. Buy here.
5. Environmental Factors
Your environment can have a significant impact on your skin. Pollution, humidity, and even your diet can contribute to the formation of blackheads.
Why It Happens:
- Pollution can lead to the accumulation of dirt and particles on your skin, which can clog pores and result in blackheads.
- Humidity increases oil production and sweat, which can mix with dirt and dead skin cells to clog pores.
- A diet high in dairy and sugary foods has been linked to increased sebum production, which can lead to blackheads.
Product Recommendation:
- Clinique City Block Purifying Charcoal Clay Mask + Scrub: This dual-action mask and scrub help detoxify and unclog pores, making it a great choice for those living in polluted environments. Buy here.
- Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40: A weightless, invisible sunscreen that protects your skin from harmful UV rays and environmental stressors without clogging pores. Buy here.
6. Improper Makeup Removal
Failing to remove makeup properly is one of the fastest ways to develop blackheads. Makeup can clog pores, and if it’s not thoroughly removed, it can mix with oil and dead skin cells, leading to blackheads.
Why It Happens:
- Using makeup wipes as your only method of cleansing leaves behind residue that can clog pores.
- Sleeping in makeup allows it to seep into your pores, especially overnight, when your skin is repairing itself.
- Not double cleansing after wearing heavy makeup can leave pores clogged.
Product Recommendation:
- Banila Co Clean It Zero Cleansing Balm Original: This cult-favorite cleansing balm melts away makeup, sunscreen, and impurities without stripping the skin. Follow it with a water-based cleanser for a thorough double cleanse. Buy here.
7. Not Using the Right Tools
Sometimes, your hands alone aren’t enough to thoroughly cleanse your skin and keep blackheads at bay. Using the right tools can make a significant difference in your skincare routine.
Why It Happens:
- Manual cleansing can miss deep-seated dirt and oil, especially in the pores.
- Using dirty makeup brushes or applying skincare products with unclean hands can transfer bacteria and oil to your skin, clogging pores.
Product Recommendation:
- Foreo Luna 3: This sonic facial cleansing brush uses gentle pulsations to deeply cleanse your pores, helping to prevent blackheads and other types of acne. Buy here.
8. Stress
Why It Happens: Stress triggers the release of cortisol, a hormone that can increase oil production and inflammation, leading to clogged pores and blackheads. Additionally, stress can lead to poor lifestyle habits, such as inadequate sleep and unhealthy eating, which can further exacerbate skin issues.
Solution: Managing stress through relaxation techniques, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can improve your skin’s health. Incorporating stress-relieving practices into your daily routine can help keep blackheads at bay.
Product Recommendation:
- This Works Deep Sleep Pillow Spray: A natural, aromatherapeutic spray that helps improve sleep quality, promoting relaxation and reducing stress-related skin issues like blackheads. Buy here.
- Herbivore Botanicals Calm Soaking Salts: Infused with calming lavender and ylang-ylang, these bath salts help reduce stress and promote relaxation, contributing to healthier skin. Buy here.
9. Dietary Factors
Why It Happens: While the relationship between diet and acne isn’t fully understood, certain foods can trigger an increase in sebum production or inflammation, both of which can contribute to blackheads. High-glycemic foods (such as sugary snacks, white bread, and pasta) and dairy products are often linked to acne and blackhead formation.
Solution: Maintaining a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help improve your skin’s overall health. Consider reducing your intake of high-glycemic foods and dairy to see if it positively impacts your skin.
Product Recommendation:
- Murad Pure Skin Clarifying Dietary Supplement: Formulated with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, this supplement supports clear skin from the inside out. It’s designed to help reduce breakouts, including blackheads, by addressing internal factors that contribute to skin issues. Buy here.
10. Inadequate Hydration
Why It Happens: When your skin is dehydrated, it can overcompensate by producing more oil, leading to clogged pores and blackheads. Dehydration can also cause the skin to become dry and flaky, which can further contribute to pore blockages.
Solution: Keeping your skin well-hydrated with both internal and external hydration is crucial. Drink plenty of water throughout the day and use hydrating skincare products that replenish moisture without adding excess oil.
Product Recommendation:
- Hada Labo Tokyo Skin Plumping Gel Cream: This deeply hydrating moisturizer combines the benefits of a cream and a gel, providing intense moisture while being lightweight and non-comedogenic. Buy here.
- Laneige Water Sleeping Mask: A leave-on overnight mask that hydrates and revitalizes tired, dehydrated skin, ensuring you wake up with a refreshed and radiant complexion. Buy here.
11. Infrequent Pillowcase Changes
Why It Happens: Your pillowcase can accumulate oil, sweat, and dirt from your face, hair, and environment. If not changed regularly, these impurities can transfer back to your skin while you sleep, clogging your pores and leading to blackheads.
Solution: Changing your pillowcase at least once a week (or more often if you have oily skin) can help reduce the risk of blackheads. Consider using pillowcases made from breathable materials, like cotton or silk, to minimize irritation.
Product Recommendation:
- Blissy Silk Pillowcase: Made from 100% pure mulberry silk, this pillowcase is hypoallergenic, gentle on the skin, and less likely to absorb moisture and oils, helping to keep your skin clear. Buy here.
- Bedsure Bamboo Pillowcases: These pillowcases are made from breathable, moisture-wicking bamboo fabric that helps keep your skin cool and clean. Buy here.
12. Touching Your Face
Why It Happens: Your hands come into contact with countless surfaces and objects throughout the day, picking up dirt, bacteria, and oils. When you touch your face, these impurities can transfer to your skin, clogging your pores and leading to blackheads.
Solution: Try to avoid touching your face throughout the day, and make sure to wash your hands regularly. If you need to touch your face, such as when applying skincare products, ensure your hands are clean.
Product Recommendation:
- Touchland Power Mist Hydrating Hand Sanitizer: This portable, moisturizing hand sanitizer kills germs while keeping your hands soft and smooth, making it easy to clean your hands before touching your face. Buy here.
- Clean Skin Club Clean Towels: These ultra-soft, biodegradable towels are perfect for drying your face after cleansing without the risk of transferring bacteria from a regular towel. Buy here.
13. Using the Wrong Makeup Products
Why It Happens: Certain makeup products, especially those that are heavy or oil-based, can clog your pores and contribute to blackhead formation. Additionally, not removing makeup thoroughly at the end of the day can lead to clogged pores.
Solution: Choose non-comedogenic makeup products that are formulated to minimize the risk of clogging pores. Always remove your makeup completely before going to bed to allow your skin to breathe and regenerate overnight.
Product Recommendation:
- IT Cosmetics Your Skin But Better CC+ Cream: This full-coverage, non-comedogenic foundation provides hydration and SPF protection while leaving your skin with a flawless finish without clogging pores. Buy here.
- Clinique Take The Day Off Cleansing Balm: A gentle, effective makeup remover that dissolves all traces of makeup, including waterproof products, without leaving an oily residue. Buy here.
Effective Treatments for Blackheads
While prevention is crucial, if you already have blackheads, there are several effective treatments to consider.
1. Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate deep into the pores. It exfoliates the inside of the pores, helping to clear out debris and reduce blackheads.
Product Recommendation:
- The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Solution: This affordable solution targets the root cause of blackheads by exfoliating inside the pores, helping to clear them out and prevent future breakouts. Buy here.
2. Retinoids
Retinoids, derived from vitamin A, increase cell turnover, helping to prevent the formation of blackheads and clear existing ones. They are powerful and effective but can be irritating if not used properly.
Product Recommendation:
- Differin Gel (Adapalene 0.1%): This over-the-counter retinoid is highly effective at reducing blackheads and preventing new ones from forming by promoting cell turnover. Buy here.
3. Clay Masks
Clay masks work by drawing out impurities from the skin, making them an excellent option for treating blackheads. They absorb excess oil and help to unclog pores.
Product Recommendation:
- Aztec Secret Indian Healing Clay: This highly potent bentonite clay mask is a favorite for deep pore cleansing. Mix with apple cider vinegar for an even more effective treatment. Buy here.
4. Chemical Peels
Chemical peels use acids to exfoliate the skin deeply, helping to remove dead skin cells and clear out clogged pores. Regular use can significantly reduce blackheads.
Product Recommendation:
- Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Sukari Babyfacial: This at-home chemical peel contains a blend of AHAs and BHAs to deeply exfoliate the skin, leaving it smoother and reducing blackheads. Buy here.
5. Comedone Extractors
Comedone extractors are tools used to physically remove blackheads. They can be effective but must be used carefully to avoid skin damage.
Product Recommendation:
- Tweezerman No-Slip Skin Care Tool: This stainless steel tool is designed to safely and effectively remove blackheads and whiteheads with minimal risk of irritation. Buy here.
Preventing Blackheads: Long-Term Strategies
Treating blackheads is essential, but prevention is key to maintaining clear skin over the long term. Here are some strategies to help prevent blackheads from forming in the first place.
- Maintain a Consistent Skincare Routine: Consistency is crucial when it comes to preventing blackheads. Cleanse your skin twice daily with a gentle cleanser to remove impurities and excess oil. Follow up with a toner, exfoliant, and a non-comedogenic moisturizer to keep your skin balanced and hydrated.
- Exfoliate Regularly: Incorporate chemical exfoliants, like salicylic acid or glycolic acid, into your routine 2-3 times a week to prevent dead skin cells from clogging your pores. Regular exfoliation helps keep pores clear and minimizes the chances of blackhead formation.
- Use Retinoids: Retinoids, such as retinol or adapalene, are powerful skincare ingredients that increase cell turnover and prevent pores from becoming clogged. Over time, they can help reduce the appearance of blackheads and keep your skin clear.
- Opt for Non-Comedogenic Products: Choose skincare and makeup products labeled as non-comedogenic, meaning they won’t clog your pores. Avoid heavy, oil-based products that can contribute to blackhead formation.
- Keep Your Environment Clean: Change your pillowcases frequently, clean your makeup brushes regularly, and avoid touching your face with unclean hands. Keeping your environment clean reduces the transfer of dirt and bacteria to your skin.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out. Proper hydration helps regulate oil production and prevents your skin from becoming overly oily, which can lead to blackheads.
- Watch Your Diet: While everyone’s skin reacts differently to certain foods, maintaining a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can promote healthy skin. Limiting high-glycemic foods and dairy might also help prevent blackheads for some individuals.
- Manage Stress: Stress can trigger hormonal fluctuations that increase oil production and contribute to blackhead formation. Incorporating stress management techniques, such as exercise, meditation, or adequate sleep, can help keep your skin in check.
- Protect Your Skin from the Sun: Sun damage can thicken the outer layer of your skin, leading to more clogged pores. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 daily to protect your skin from harmful UV rays and prevent blackheads.
- Consult an Esthetician: If you’re struggling with persistent blackheads, an esthetician can provide professional treatments like chemical peels, extractions, or product recommendation to help manage and prevent them effectively. You can book one in NYC here.
By integrating these long-term strategies into your daily routine, you can significantly reduce the occurrence of blackheads and maintain a clearer, healthier complexion over time. Prevention is a continuous process, but with the right approach, you can keep blackheads at bay and enjoy the confidence that comes with clear skin.
Blackheads can be persistent, but understanding their causes is the first step toward effectively managing and preventing them. By implementing a consistent skincare routine that includes the right products for your skin type and addressing the factors that contribute to blackhead formation, you can achieve clearer, healthier skin. Remember, patience and consistency are key—stick with your routine, and you’ll start seeing improvements over time. Investing in the right skincare can make all the difference in your journey toward a blackhead-free complexion
